1. Aims and circumstances of the official announcement

1.1 Aims

The Application Standards Committee was organized by the standardization committee of the Japan Business Machine Makers' Association in April, 1992, and have acted to enact the DSSSL application standards[1]. Because, in order to spread and provide the efficient and standard exchange environment of Japanese documents early, it must be provided that the practical DSSSL standards and tools adapted to Japanese compositions. The committee worked for such as the analysis of the Japanese composition specification elements, focusing of the range to apply it to the business document, the decision of the recommendation formatter specification, building of simple DSSSL model. This Technical Report (JIS/TR) is the DSSSL library that made by those results.

1.2 Circumstances

The Application Standards Committee has piled up a fundamental examination, and the Electronic Publishing Committee of the Japanese Standards Association - Information Technology Research and Standardization Center (INSTAC) made this technical report (JIS/TR) based on the result.

2. A main examination subject in the deliberation

2.1 Composition specification element

2.1.1 The object of this technical report (JIS/TR)

The target of this technical report (JIS/TR) is the business document in extensive Japanese document. It is intended to realize easy format specification by preparing some style patterns in this range. In this meaning, it can be also called a simple model.

However, it does not mean that the quality of the business document can be a low level in comparison with the composition quality of the general book. Therefore, we made library after scores of composition analyses about the general books, such as the establishment of an image area, the position of head lines and page numbers, the style of a headings.

2.1.2 Line composition rule

As for the line composition rule in this technical report (JIS/TR), though it is put based on formatter which implemented the specification prescribed in JIS X 4051, is not necessarily limited to this specification. Some are not the target with this technical report (JIS/TR) in the composition function contained in JIS X 4051 (ex. the process of horizontal composition in vertical composition).

2.1.3 The position of the image area and the setup of size

We also examined the simple diagram solution, Uaouin module, and Morris module. However, as a result of doing investigation about the book kind of the reality, there were few examples that the establishment is similar to the position and size that can get from these modules. Then they were not adopted with this technical report (JIS/TR). The establishment standard related to the position and the size of the image area in the general books was not necessarily uniform, and we could not found the standard that it could be called a standard style.

So, with this technical report (JIS/TR), to aim at the simple specification, it is made default that an image area is put in the center of the composition as shown in 4.5.1. When it is put on the position except for the center, each margin space must be specified in the ratio. Absolute value specification was faced toward the outside of the object.

2.1.4 The style of the head line

It was proved about the position of the head line that it did not need to prepare for so many patterns, as a result of investigating the book kind that was published recently. So, as for this technical report (JIS/TR), it decided to be chosen from five kinds shown in 4.8.2.

2.1.5 Note style specification element

The kind and the order of the reference mark shown in 4.10 in the note style specification element, were based on "The Chicago manual of Style"[2].

2.1.6 Inlinenote

It is decorated with inlinenote parenthesis in the inlinenote composition when without any specification as it is shown in 4.11. Generally, it uses a parenthesis only for the inlinenote that curves shallow as this inlinenote parenthesis. This parenthesis actually becomes formatter dependence because it is not contained in JIS X 0208 and it becomes extensive letter handling.

2.1.7 Superscript / Subscript (Superior / Inferior)

We investigated the actual condition on the size toward a parent character of a superscript / subscript (superior / inferior) in type, DTP (Desk Top Publishing) and so on. As a result, the ratio is not fixed. So, as for this technical report (JIS/TR), it decided to be handled as 1/2 (half) size of the parent character.

2.1.8 Heading style specification

Headings are not one kind; some kinds are used in the usual book class from the large heading to the small heading . Some means that fixed this heading style by the establishment of parameters are proposed. As for this technical report (JIS/TR), the acceptance of the "jump rate" which fixed the heading style based on the proportion with the body character size was examined. However, as for the composition of the reality, it is rare to use the same typeface for the body and the heading. Because the proportion is influenced greatly by typeface used (For example, make the body a Mingcho-style typeface, and make a heading a Gothic-style typeface.) or weight choice of typeface used in the heading, the complication of the combination is not avoided.  So, we decided to show only the model example that was concrete.

As for the recommendation character size of the heading as well, making library did not do for the same reason.

2.1.9 Ruby

A ruby are classified two letters ruby and three letters ruby from the size of the ruby character, and classified ruby center and ruby top from the relation of the position with the parents character. As for this technical report (JIS/TR) , we decided to be limited to a two-letter ruby and ruby center from the use frequency as a business document, and so on.

2.1.10 Orphan and widow

We examined the orphan and the widow as a candidate of an element to specify in this technical report (JIS/TR). However, we could not extend to prescribe the accurate rule, then they were not included in library of this time.

2.1.11 Mathematical formula

TeX has already been popularized to a certain extent with as formatter about a mathematical formula, and the function that is especially characteristic for Japanese composition process is almost never required. Therefore, a mathematical formula was faced toward the outside of the object of this technical report (JIS/TR).

2.1.12 Table

About a table, the function which is characteristic of Japanese composition process is almost never required in the business document. Therefore, a table was faced toward the outside of the object of this technical report (JIS/TR). However, we described only about the character size of the table name in the composition specification element.

3. References

[2] University of Chicago Press, "The Chicago manual of Style (13th edition)", The University of Chicago Press, 1982

[3] Kozo Koike translation, "HART'S RULES FOR COMPOSITORS AND READERS AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD Thirty-eighth edition)", David Co., Inc., 1983

[4] JSA-INSTAC, "Investigation Research Report related to the Standardization of the Term related to the Font in the 8th year of Heisei", Japanese Standard Association, 1997

[5] Japan Editor School edition, "Standard Manual - Editors Surely Carries it", Publishing part of Japan Editor School, 1987

[6] Yoshitsugu Fujimori, Publishing Technology Initiation, "The Knowledge of the Book and the Technology of Making Book", Japan Print Newspaper Co., Ltd., 1965

[7] Yoshitsugu Fujimori, Japan Editor School edition, "New edition - Publishing & Editing Technology Upper volume edition", Publishing part of Japan Editor School, 1997

[8] Stanley Uaouin, Kakuzaemon Nunokawa & Taro Mimasaka translation, "the Publishing Outline", Kurita Bookstore, 1958

[9] Mutsuto Kamiguchi, "the Exercise of Editorial Design", Graphic Co., Inc., 1977

4. The original plan preparation committee